- Limited access to modern diagnostic tests21,22
- Lack of hospital surveillance systems23
- Diagnostic differences across hospitals and regions24,25
- Low sensitivity of antibody tests21
- In critically ill patients, biopsy carries risks that might not outweigh the benefits of such procedures21
- The length of time it takes for culture-based tests to yield positive results21
- Biomarkers may be expensive or not readily available21
- Resistant strains are not always identified26
- Accuracy may be reduced by other treatments27
Lack of definitive disease confirmation means patients’ treatment is often delayed, increasing the risk of IFI-associated mortality.2,3,23